{"id":8015,"date":"2024-01-18T11:34:19","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T10:34:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ipsi.cat\/elfil\/?p=8015"},"modified":"2024-01-18T11:34:23","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T10:34:23","slug":"si-una-estrella-explotes-a-prop-de-la-terra-que-passaria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ipsi.cat\/elfil\/si-una-estrella-explotes-a-prop-de-la-terra-que-passaria\/","title":{"rendered":"Si una estrella explot\u00e9s a prop de la terra, qu\u00e8 passaria?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Segur que tots heu estat alguna vegada mirant les estrelles, com aquests petits punts brillants il\u00b7luminen el cel nocturn. Per\u00f2, us heu preguntat mai qu\u00e8 passaria si una estrella explot\u00e9s a prop de la Terra? Seria com una pel\u00b7l\u00edcula de ci\u00e8ncia-ficci\u00f3? O b\u00e9 seria un espectacle de llums?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Si<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e9, quan certes estrelles arriben al final de la seva vida desencadenen en una explosi\u00f3 estel\u00b7lar extremadament poderosa i brillant anomenada supernova. De fet, aquesta explosi\u00f3 pot alliberar tanta energia com la que produir\u00e0 el Sol al llarg de tota la seva vida. Com b\u00e9 diu Neil deGrasse Tyson <\/a>en un dels documentals de COSMOS: “Les supernoves s\u00f3n els forns c\u00f2smics on es forgen els elements que componen la nostra vida quotidiana. Si una supernova ocorregu\u00e9s prou prop de la Terra, seria un esdeveniment devastador que canviaria radicalment la vida en el nostre planeta”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aix\u00ed doncs, les supernoves juguen un paper crucial en l’univers, ja que alliberen els elements m\u00e9s pesants a l’espai, incloent-hi elements com l’or, l’argent i el plom, que es formen durant l’explosi\u00f3. Aquests elements enriqueixen l’entorn i poden contribuir a la formaci\u00f3 de nous sistemes estel\u00b7lars i planetes. Per\u00f2, a la vegada, tal com es mostra en aquest treball, podrien provocar l\u2019extinci\u00f3 massiva de la vida com es coneix avui dia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alguns dels efectes f\u00edsics considerats en el treball s\u00f3n: els is\u00f2tops radioactius, la radiaci\u00f3 i els rajos c\u00f2smics. En primer lloc, les supernoves poden generar is\u00f2tops radioactius a causa de les altes temperatures i pressions durant les seves explosions. Alguns d’aquests is\u00f2tops arriben a la Terra i s’utilitzen per a la dataci\u00f3 d’objectes i investigaci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica. El 60Fe \u00e9s un is\u00f2top important per a la dataci\u00f3, i s’ha trobat al fons del mar, la neu ant\u00e0rtica i la Lluna, indicant que encara rebem restes de supernoves a la Terra. En segon lloc, les supernoves tamb\u00e9 generen una radiaci\u00f3 intensa que pot comportar diversos perills per als sistemes planetaris propers. Aquesta radiaci\u00f3 inclou una explosi\u00f3 d’alta intensitat d’UV i gamma, aix\u00ed com raigs X suaus. Finalment, tamb\u00e9 poden generar raigs c\u00f2smics i augmentar els nivells de metalls a l’espai interestel\u00b7lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Per la part pr\u00e0ctica del treball vaig fer l’an\u00e0lisi de quatre estrelles properes a la Terra, veient si tenen possibilitats d’esdevenir supernoves i, si ho fessin, si tindrien efectes a la Terra o no. Una vegada analitzats els resultats d’aquestes quatre estrelles, de les quals 3 d’elles s\u00f3n les m\u00e9s probables per esdevenir supernoves a prop de la Terra, vaig arribar a la conclusi\u00f3 que nom\u00e9s hi ha dos casos: Betelgeuse i Gamma Velorum que explotarien prou prop de la Terra per ser visibles a ull nu. El cas m\u00e9s incert \u00e9s el de S\u00edrius, ja que \u00e9s improbable que acabi la seva vida en forma de supernova, per\u00f2 d’una manera o de l’altra s’espera que aquesta estrella segueixi fusionant protons durant molts m\u00e9s anys. Aix\u00ed doncs, podem dir que actualment no estem amena\u00e7ats pels efectes de cap supernova. Tanmateix, l’espai \u00e9s canviant i, per tant, no s’ha de parar de fer estudis de les estrelles que ens envolten perqu\u00e8 tenen un poder m\u00e9s gran del que ens imaginem sobre nosaltres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"explote\u0301s
Betelgeuse<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"Si
Gamma Vellorum<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s, per complementar el treball, tamb\u00e9 vaig fer un estudi de la corba de llum d’una estrella variable, \u00e9s a dir, una estrella que varia la seva magnitud al llarg del temps. Amb l’ajut del programa inform\u00e0tic Tycho<\/a> i de les imatges que em va proporcionar l’astr\u00f2nom Josep Maria Bosch, vaig poder crear unes corbes de llum que corresponen a tres nits del febrer del 2019. Un cop vaig tenir la corba de llum final, tocava analitzar els resultats. Resulta ser que l’estrella que vaig analitzar era clarament una estrella polsant i, en cap cas una estrella de cataclisme com podria ser una supernova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En conclusi\u00f3, podem estar tranquils perqu\u00e8 actualment no estem davant l’amena\u00e7a de cap supernova; tanmateix, aquest estudi nom\u00e9s inclou 4 estrelles dels milions que hi ha l’espai, per tant, hem d’estar sempre alerta astron\u00f2micament perqu\u00e8 l’espai ens pot arribar a sorprendre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Si<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e9s treballs de recerca a un clic\u2026<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Explicaci\u00f3 dels efectes f\u00edsics produ\u00efts per supernoves i an\u00e0lisi de possibles supernoves properes<\/p>\n

Read More<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8026,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wpupg_custom_link":[],"wpupg_custom_link_behaviour":[],"wpupg_custom_link_nofollow":[],"wpupg_custom_image":[],"wpupg_custom_image_id":[],"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[93,584],"tags":[81,86,133,508,589,590,591,73],"class_list":{"0":"post-8015","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-darreres-publicacions","8":"category-tr-2223","9":"tag-ipsi","10":"tag-escola","11":"tag-recerca","12":"tag-fisica","13":"tag-treball-de-recerca-alumnes","14":"tag-univers","15":"tag-astronomia","16":"tag-batxillerat","17":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\nSi una estrella explot\u00e9s a prop de la terra, qu\u00e8 passaria? - ElFil<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Si una estrella explot\u00e9s a prop de la terra, qu\u00e8 passaria? 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