{"id":2345,"date":"2018-01-11T10:25:52","date_gmt":"2018-01-11T09:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ipsi.cat\/elfil\/?p=2345"},"modified":"2018-01-11T10:36:11","modified_gmt":"2018-01-11T09:36:11","slug":"crispr-el-futur-de-la-genetica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ipsi.cat\/elfil\/crispr-el-futur-de-la-genetica\/","title":{"rendered":"CRISPR: El futur de la gen\u00e8tica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Des dels primers grans fil\u00f2sofs, la humanitat s\u2019ha plantejat diverses preguntes, \u00abQu\u00e8 som?\u00bb, \u00abD\u2019on venim?\u00bb. S\u2019han considerat moltes respostes interpretades de mil i una maneres. Tanmateix, fins fa poc no ens plantej\u00e0vem que la resposta a aquestes preguntes podria estar amagada en un lloc molt dif\u00edcil d\u2019albirar sense un microscopi, no ens imagin\u00e0vem que la informaci\u00f3 estava emmagatzemada a les nostres c\u00e8l\u00b7lules.<\/p>\n<p>El DNA o \u00e0cid desoxiribonucleic \u00e9s la mol\u00e8cula encarregada d\u2019emmagatzemar la informaci\u00f3 biol\u00f2gica que ser\u00e0 transmesa heredit\u00e0riament, tanmateix, durant la duplicaci\u00f3 d\u2019aquest material gen\u00e8tic es poden produir errors que provoquen l\u2019aparici\u00f3 de les anomenades mutacions g\u00e8niques.<\/p>\n<p>Actualment es coneixen unes 10.000 mutacions g\u00e8niques que provoquen alguna malaltia. Per tal de trobar una cura i\/o soluci\u00f3 per cada una, caldria una quantitat incre\u00efble de recursos, laboratoris i investigacions.<\/p>\n<p>Molts investigadors busquen nous sistemes per tal de poder tractar la malaltia d\u2019una manera m\u00e9s concreta i que sigui adaptable a moltes altres, editant per exemple, la informaci\u00f3 que ha estat alterada. Un dels sistemes amb m\u00e9s renom \u00e9s CRISPR.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CRISPR \u00e9s una nova eina revolucion\u00e0ria que t\u00e9 la funci\u00f3 de tallar, modificar i unir peces de l\u2019ADN<\/strong>. La qual cosa permet alterar organismes gen\u00e8ticament , fins i tot humans. Obrint les portes a la investigaci\u00f3 biom\u00e8dica per prevenir i curar moltes malalties com, per exemple, la distr\u00f2fia muscular, l&#8217;acondropl\u00e0sia o l\u2019an\u00e8mia.<\/p>\n<p>Els objectius del meu projecte eren demostrar com funciona CRISPR, remarcar la facilitat del seu \u00fas i donar a con\u00e8ixer aquest m\u00e8tode. Per tant, vaig decidir utilitzar CRISPR amb una malaltia gen\u00e8tica, l\u2019an\u00e8mia falciforme.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019an\u00e8mia falciforme \u00e9s un trastorn que provoca que el transport d\u2019oxigen a la sang sigui insuficient per culpa de la malformaci\u00f3 dels gl\u00f2buls vermells. Vaig llegir molts articles i reviews sobre el tema i vaig decidir fer una part pr\u00e0ctica experimental per comprovar si aquest m\u00e8tode era eficient, econ\u00f2mic i factible.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019experiment el vaig dividir en dues etapes. D\u2019una banda, vaig treballar amb el programa d\u2019ordinador Benchling, que \u00e9s un software integrat que t\u00e9 la funci\u00f3 de solucionar problemes relacionats amb la biologia molecular i utilitzar digitalment, entre altres sistemes, CRISPR. De l\u2019altra, vaig tenir l\u2019oportunitat de passar un temps, aquest estiu, en un laboratori en el qual s\u2019utilitzava CRISPR seguint tots els passos fins a la mutaci\u00f3 de les c\u00e8l\u00b7lules.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2347\" src=\"http:\/\/www.ipsi.cat\/elfil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/CRISPR-el-futur-de-la-gene\u0300tica-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"CRISPR, el futur de la gene\u0300tica - 01\" width=\"300\" height=\"399\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ipsi.cat\/elfil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/CRISPR-el-futur-de-la-gene\u0300tica-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.ipsi.cat\/elfil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/CRISPR-el-futur-de-la-gene\u0300tica-768x1022.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.ipsi.cat\/elfil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/CRISPR-el-futur-de-la-gene\u0300tica-770x1024.jpg 770w, https:\/\/www.ipsi.cat\/elfil\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/CRISPR-el-futur-de-la-gene\u0300tica.jpg 980w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Vaig poder viure una experi\u00e8ncia \u00fanica, creant els diferents components necessaris per al tractament de l\u2019an\u00e8mia amb CRISPR i aprenent a poc a poc nous conceptes i m\u00e8todes comuns en la vida d\u2019un investigador. A m\u00e9s, l\u2019estada al laboratori em va permetre con\u00e8ixer i parlar amb cient\u00edfics que estan fent recerca b\u00e0sica en diferents camps i descobrir el seu dia a dia. Per \u00faltim, voldria remarcar que vaig gaudir-ho molt i que aquest treball permet a l\u2019estudiant aprendre des d\u2019un punt de vista diferent d\u2019aquells amb els quals estem familiaritzats a l\u2019escola, consultant per tu mateix els teus dubtes i avan\u00e7ant mitjan\u00e7ant l\u2019assaig-error.<\/p>\n<p>Pel que fa a les conclusions del treball, vaig considerar que el sistema CRISPR es convertir\u00e0 en el futur en una t\u00e8cnica \u00f2ptima per al tractament de pacients, ara per ara, encara \u00e9s molt nou i calen moltes investigacions, desenvolupament i an\u00e0lisis per arribar al punt on el tractament de pacients amb aquesta t\u00e8cnica sigui habitual, controlat i efectiu.<\/p>\n<p>Tanmateix, no tot s\u00f3n avantatges en aquest sistema, vaig plantejar-me les conseq\u00fc\u00e8ncies del seu mal \u00fas: si decidim evitar que el nostre fill pateixi una malaltia, per qu\u00e8 no fer-lo tamb\u00e9 m\u00e9s fort, m\u00e9s alt, m\u00e9s intel\u00b7ligent? Aix\u00f2 implicaria la p\u00e8rdua del nostre genoma tal com el coneixem. Iniciant, aix\u00ed, la recerca de l\u2019embri\u00f3 perfecte.<\/p>\n<p>Hi ha una pel\u00b7l\u00edcula que recomano als amants de la ci\u00e8ncia-ficci\u00f3, que representa perfectament aquestes pors: <i>Gattaca<\/i>. Un futur en el qual la manipulaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica \u00e9s factible, provocant la discriminaci\u00f3 entre les persones modificades i aquelles que han nascut sense ser alterades i s\u00f3n considerades imperfectes.<\/p>\n<p>Malgrat tot, la ci\u00e8ncia ha de seguir endavant, sense deixar de banda aquesta eina que podria salvar tantes vides. Tamb\u00e9 \u00e9s cert que haur\u00e0 de ser regulada per evitar el seu mal \u00fas, considerant l\u2019\u00e8tica i la moral en cada moment.<\/p>\n<p>CRISPR \u00e9s un m\u00e8tode que est\u00e0 revolucionant la ci\u00e8ncia: el seu gran nombre d\u2019usos, la seva capacitat per adaptar-se a les variants de les malalties, el seu baix cost&#8230; Tot s\u00f3n avantatges, no obstant aix\u00f2, caldr\u00e0 tenir cura d\u2019on col\u00b7loquem la l\u00ednia que separa la salut de la necessitat i avan\u00e7ar amb la ment oberta a la ci\u00e8ncia per\u00f2 reflexionant a cada pas acompanyats de la ra\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CRISPR \u00e9s una nova eina revolucion\u00e0ria que  permet alterar organismes gen\u00e8ticament , fins i tot humans, i obre les portes a la recerca biom\u00e8dica per a la cura de diferents malalties.<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipsi.cat\/elfil\/crispr-el-futur-de-la-genetica\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2348,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wpupg_custom_link":[],"wpupg_custom_link_behaviour":[],"wpupg_custom_link_nofollow":[],"wpupg_custom_image":[],"wpupg_custom_image_id":[],"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[93,134,60,1],"tags":[81,83,86,73,65],"class_list":{"0":"post-2345","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-darreres-publicacions","8":"category-treballs-de-recerca-curs-1718","9":"category-articles","10":"category-general","11":"tag-ipsi","12":"tag-el-fil","13":"tag-escola","14":"tag-batxillerat","15":"tag-alumnes","16":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is 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